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This article introduces and discusses a theoretically and empirically founded integrated framework model of the principal's leadership role for inclusive education. Leadership is widely discussed as a key factor for success in inclusive education. Additional systematic research efforts are required with respect to this topic, particularly in the context of the German school system. This study analyses principals' leadership roles in one German federal state. Interviews were conducted with fifteen school principals from schools that are assigned to implement inclusive education. Findings from the qualitative content analysis draw a complex picture that is summarised in an integrated framework model. This model addresses (1) the multilevel hierarchical character of the school system and (2) the role of social discourse in shaping principals' perspectives. This model integrates different theoretical approaches such as the four-frame model of leadership orientation, the theory of recontextualisation, and educational governance to describe principal leadership and its contribution for inclusive education.
Der Diskussionsbeitrag problematisiert auf Basis internationaler Forschungsarbeiten sowie unter Einbezug von empirischen Studien der Verfasserinnen das Spannungsfeld konfligierender Ansprüche bei der Umsetzung von Partizipation in Grundschule und partizipationsorientierter Schulforschung. Mithilfe des Analysemodells von Pearce und Wood (2019) werden Partizipationspraxen in Schule und Forschung anhand der Kategorien Dialog, Inklusivität, Intergenerationalität und Transgression geprüft. Dabei werden für beide Systeme „Blinde Flecke“ identifiziert, die insbesondere dann entstehen, wenn die transformatorischen Effekte von Partizipation außer Acht bleiben. Gerade hierüber braucht es einen offenen, reflexiven Dialog zwischen Akteurinnen und Akteuren aus Grundschule und Forschung.
Der Beitrag verfolgt das Ziel, Fragen nach den Potenzialen einer rein evidenzbasierten Grundschulpädagogik für Inklusion und Partizipation zu erörtern. Dazu werden in einem ersten Schritt Inklusion und Partizipation als mehrdimensionale soziale Prozesse beschrieben, bevor in einem zweiten Schritt auf Risiken und Nebenwirkungen einer naiv evidenzbasierten Grundschulpädagogik und auf die Notwendigkeit eines multiparadigmatischen Zugangs zur Grundschulpädagogik eingegangen wird.
The article raises the question of whether and how education systems produce social differences internally rather than reproducing pre‐existing “external” inequalities. Linking Niklas Luhmann’s theory of inclusion/exclusion with Charles Tilly’s theory of categorical inequalities, and based on empirical data from various qualitative studies, the article identifies an “observation regime” epistemically constituting the social classification of students and legitimising organisational closure mechanisms in the school system. As an alternative to the “reproduction paradigm,” a research approach guided by differentiation theory is proposed that takes into account that educational inequality operationally arises on the “inside” of the educational system and is caused by unequal inclusion processes.
Mit diesem Artikel legen die Verfassenden eine bildungswissenschaftliche Begründung des Making-Ansatzes vor. Anhand eines Modells, das die Interaktionstiefen zwischen Mensch, Medium und Maschine beschreibt, wird verdeutlicht, dass die Bedeutung digitaler Technik sowie technologische Prinzipien im Mensch-Medien-Maschine-Verhältnis zunehmen und dadurch auch die menschliche Interaktion beeinflussen. Sie werden zeigen, dass die mit-kommunizierende Technik und der gesellschaftlich-kulturelle Einfluss technologischer Prinzipien ein breiteres Verständnis von Medienkompetenz im Sinne einer Digital Literacy erfordert. Ansätze wie Making, Coding und Tinkern können helfen, dieses Bildungsziel zu erreichen, indem sie die klassischen Dimensionen des Medienkompetenzkonzepts erweitern. Im Beitrag werden diese Ansätze zunächst handlungstheoretisch begründet; im Anschluss diskutieren die Verfassenden mit Blick auf Schule und die universitäre Lehrerbildung exemplarisch, inwiefern diese im Rahmen der Medienbildung bedeutsam sein können.
When “software takes command”, people take fright – a reaction which frequently accompanies change or novelty. Their fears are understandable, but they also cloud people’s view of the potentials that digital tools and digital media hold for society and especially educational contexts. Their fears also define societal debates and contribute to a general lack of ambition when it comes to seizing the opportunities for broad collaboration in the design of a “digital society”. This paper identifies a selection of conceptual digital potentials, presents the initial findings of an ongoing study and uses these as a basis to formulate recommendations for reclaiming society’s formative authority over the shape of the digital in its midst.
Technology criticism and data literacy: The case for an augmented understanding of media literacy
(2020)
Reviewing the history of media literacy education might help us to identify how creating media as an approach can contribute to fostering knowledge, understanding technical issues, and to establishing a critical attitude towards technology and data. In a society where digital devices and services are omnipresent and decisions are increasingly based on data, critical analysis must penetrate beyond the “outer shell” of machines – their interfaces – through the technology itself, and the data, and algorithms, which make these devices and services function. Because technology and data constitute the basis of all communication and collaboration, media literate individuals must in the future also have a sound understanding of technology and data literacy. This article examines the relevance of this broader definition of literacy and delivers a forward-looking defense of media literacy education in schools. It also posits the thesis that the digital transformation represents a challenge, which is confronting society, politics, and education alike.
In this text, the findings of cognitive psychology will be used to tackle certain misconceptions in academic philosophical learning contexts. It will be shown that some techniques that university teachers often recommend and on which students often rely on for working on texts and acquiring the contents of them and other contents – like for example highlighting, notetaking, and summarization – are not that effective for long-term retention. At least not if some aspects are not considered. The aim is to show what empirical research has found out about effective learning and how this can help to create tasks that foster long-term retention of philosophical contents which also helps with training higher-order skills such as applying, reflecting, evaluating, and modifying these contents.
The problem-solving performance of primary school students depend on their attitudes and beliefs. As it is not easy to change attitudes, we aimed to change the relationship between problem-solving performance and attitudes with a training program. The training was based on the assumption that self-generated external representations support the problem-solving process. Furthermore, we assumed that students who are encouraged to generate representations will be successful, especially when they analyze and reflect on their products. A paper-pencil test of attitudes and beliefs was used to measure the constructs of willingness, perseverance, and self-confidence. We predicted that participation in the training program would attenuate the relationship between attitudes and problem-solving performance and that non-participation would not affect the relationship. The results indicate that students’ attitudes had a positive effect on their problem-solving performance only for students who did not participate in the training.
Reading research shows that phonological decoding skills and intelligence work mostly independent from each other. However, there is a variety of results on the relationship between reading skills and IQ measures. Studies in this field mainly focus on students with reading disabilities (RD) or students with intellectual disabilities (ID) and less on pupils with Special Educational Needs in Learning (SEN-L). We performed a secondary data analysis to evaluate differences in reading skills and fluid intelligence between students with (N = 144) and without (N = 157) SEN-L and the relationship between SEN-L, reading skills, and fluid intelligence. Participants completed a standardized screening of reading skills (SLS 2-9) and a German culture fair intelligence test (CFT 20-R). Students with SEN-L had lower scores in both tests. Correlations between both scores were smaller within the two groups than in the total sample. Implications of the findings are discussed.